These steps works for both pages and posts

To hide the extra columns click on "Screen Options"

To disable uncheck "SEO score" field/To enable check "SEO score"

To disable uncheck "Readability score" field/To enable check "Readability score"

To disable uncheck  "Outgoing internal links" field/ To enable check "Outgoing internal links" field

To disable uncheck  "Received internal links" field/ To enable check "Received internal links" field

for the other columns  SEO Title, Meta Desc and Keyphrase to enable/disable you can follow the same steps as above.

How enable/disable Yoast SEO extra columns